Mining activities are a major contributor to heavy metal pollution, presenting a serious risk to the surrounding environment. Human activities, particularly mining, can adversely affect soils in the impacted regions. In older mining sites, the use of outdated and inefficient techniques often results in waste materials with elevated metal concentrations. When exposed to atmospheric conditions, these metals can be released into the soil and water systems. Soil, as a critical element of the life cycle, exhibits diverse physical and chemical properties due to the weathering of rocks and minerals in the Earth's crust. Lead and zinc mines are particularly hazardous to the environment because of their high levels of toxic elements. Given the economic significance of mining, it is essential to conduct environmental assessments to mitigate pollution and safeguard human health. Heavy metal pollution is a worldwide issue, as these metals are chemically stable, persist in the environment, enter the food chain, and exert toxic effects on living organisms. The toxicity and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in food chains pose significant environmental and health challenges in contemporary societies. Lead and zinc deposits are potential sources of environmental contamination due to their high concentrations of toxic elements and heavy metals. In Kerman province, most lead and zinc mines are situated in the northern region, particularly in the Ravar area, with the Gojer lead and zinc mine being a prominent example. This study employed statistical methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Factor Analysis (FA), and environmental indices to evaluate the degree and distribution of soil and stream sediment pollution in the Gojer mine area. Statistical analysis demonstrated a strong correlation among heavy metals. Furthermore, the Enrichment Factor (EF) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) indicated varying levels of heavy metal pollution in the mine area. The primary sources of contamination were identified as lead and arsenic, both of which pose significant risks to human health. The severity and spatial extent of contamination were also notable. Pollution levels were highest in close proximity to the mining site, with the presence of Gossan linked to lead and zinc mineralization. As the distance from the mining area increased, pollution levels gradually declined.